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Can fungi clean up a Superfund site?

NEW YORK ?? Between the New York City boroughs of Brooklyn and Queens is a broad creek tainted by 150 years of pollution. It has received toxins from the petrochemical plants, fertilizer factories and other industries that once flourished along its banks. Oil seeps into it from a 50-acre underground spill nearby. And when heavy rains flood the city's sewer system, raw sewage pours into the water.

The Environmental Protection Agency designated the creek a Superfund site in 2010, triggering a lengthy evaluation and cleanup process.

In the meantime, however, a local group has begun experimenting with an innovative technique to break down contaminants in the water. The key: a fungus more widely known to taste good in stir fry.

On a Sunday afternoon in early May, Jan Mun, the artist in residence with the Newtown Creek Alliance, presented to community members a circular floating platform of straw-filled burlap intended to house the fine, interwoven filaments of oyster mushroom fungi. [ Gallery: Floating Fungus Enters Polluted Creek ]

"We are still at the testing stage, but the idea is that if we can keep them (fungal filaments) alive, they can actually clean the water at the molecular level," Mun said as the concentric rings of soggy burlap, designed to echo the "fairy ring" patterns some fungi create in the ground, floated behind her in the creek.

Mun intended her design to evoke the fantasy spaces associated with fairy rings in folklore, and so incite people to reimagine the creek. But the fairy-ring design drew some critics who said a simpler configuration would better enable fungi to do their work. Even so, this effort reflects the growing interest in trying to employ fungi, members of nature's own cleanup crew, to get rid of pollution. ??

How nature can clean up after us
Filter feeders such as oysters can remove contaminants from water; plants like poplar trees can sequester them in their tissues. Microbes can neutralize harmful molecules by breaking them into pieces, a process the EPA calls bioremediation.?

Some fungi, including the oyster mushroom fungus, have been shown to do something similar, attacking contaminants with the same chemical equipment they use to decompose organic matter.?

Fungi have a wide repertoire of enzymes that can be effective against contaminants, and they are particularly good at attacking large molecules, said Matthew Grossman, president of BioSage, an environmental and biotechnology consulting company that does remediation with bacteria and fungi.

But the industry favors bacteria, which can be easier to grow and to work with, Grossman said.

Successfully applying fungal remediation can be tricky, because a project's design must ensure the fungi can do their work, a condition that is often not met, said Eugene Bernat, vice president and owner of Fisherville Redevelopment Corp., which is beginning a cleanup using fungi among other organisms at a Massachusetts Superfund site. ?

"This is an emerging science that was invented millions of years ago," Bernaut said.

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??

The secret of mycoremediation
A number of fungi, including the oyster mushroom, produce enzymes capable of breaking down the tough fiber in wood. Because petroleum products such as oil and diesel contain hydrogen-carbon bonds similar to those found in wood, they, too, are vulnerable to enzymes produced by the fungi's thin filaments, called mycelium, mycologist Paul Stamets writes in his book "Mycelium Running: How Mushrooms Can Help Save the World" (Ten Speed Press, 2005). Stamets was not involved with the Newtown Creek project, but his work on mycoremediation, using fungi to clean up contaminants, inspired it.

Fungi offer other cleaning services, too. The fruiting bodies of fungi, the mushrooms, can absorb metals? ? ??oyster mushrooms can take up mercury and cadmium, he writes. Stamets also has used the mycelium networks to filter harmful microbes out of water. [6 (Or So) Reasons Fungi Can Help Humanity]

The contaminants the EPA has found in creek sediments include metals and remnants of the petroleum industry. Oil is still leaking in from an underground spill, and raw sewages pours in with heavy rain. So, the fungi would seem to have their work cut out for them. ?

A tricky process
But while the creek might seem to hold a lot of potential for a technique he promotes, Stamets was concerned about how the project would fare.

"I applaud everyone's interested and effort in this," Stamets said. "This is good science and it is applied environmental science, but when you take this from the lab out into nature, it's a gigantic step," he said.

Through his company Fungi Perfecti, Stamets offers two-day seminars that cover mycoremediation (all are currently sold out). One of the Newtown Creek Alliance bioremediation group members behind the project, Damion Lawyer, said he attended this seminar last summer. Lawyer stressed that the Newtown project was exploratory.

"He made it very clear in the seminar: He said you are not going to be able to go home and do this. There is going to be a lot of trial and error," Lawyer said of Stamets.

During the group's first trial ? which resulted in the floating platform in the creek ? the group used "spawn," or starter mycelium grown, in rye berries to colonize the hay-and-burlap float before putting it in the water. Being able to accomplish this outdoors, outside of a lab, was an important step, said Lawyer, who works as an environmental field technician. "I was very happy about it; that was our main goal."

Things didn't go so well once the fairy-ring float went into the salty water; nearly all of the white growth on it disappeared.

Lawyer said the group is still learning; if the concept continues to show promise mycoremediation on the creek will probably look quite different than this test. For example, it is conceivable the fungal floats, called mycobooms, could be used to filter water coming into the creek, helping to replace long-lost wetlands, he said.

Superfund cleanups can last years, even decades, so the cleanup and restoring of Newtown Creek is just beginning.

You can follow LiveScience senior writer Wynne Parry on Twitter @Wynne_Parry. Follow LiveScience for the latest in science news and discoveries on Twitter @livescience? and on Facebook.

? 2012 LiveScience.com. All rights reserved.

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Blowing in the wind: How hidden flower features are crucial for bees

Tuesday, May 29, 2012

As gardeners get busy filling tubs and borders with colourful bedding plants, scientists at the Universities of Cambridge and Bristol have discovered more about what makes flowers attractive to bees rather than humans. Published today in the British Ecological Society's journal Functional Ecology, their research reveals that Velcro-like cells on plant petals play a crucial role in helping bees grip flowers ? especially when the wind gets up.

The study focuses on special cells found on the surface of petals, whose stunning structure is best seen under an electron microscope. According to lead author, Dr Beverley Glover: "Many of our common garden flowers have beautiful conical cells if you look closely ? roses have rounded conical petal cells while petunias have really long cells, giving petunia flowers an almost velvety appearance, particularly visible in the dark-coloured varieties."

Glover's group previously discovered that when offered snapdragons with conical cells and a mutant variety without these cells, bees prefer the former because the conical cells help them grip the flower. "It's a bit like Velcro, with the bee claws locking into the gaps between the cells," she explains.

Compared with many garden flowers, however, snapdragons have very complicated flowers; bees have to land on a vertical face and pull open a heavy lip to reach the nectar so Glover was not surprised that grip helps. But she wanted to discover how conical cells help bees visiting much simpler flowers.

"Many of our garden flowers like petunias, roses and poppies are very simple saucers with nectar in the bottom, so we wanted to find out why having conical cells to provide grip would be useful for bees landing on these flowers. We hypothesised that maybe the grip helped when the flowers blow in the wind."

Using two types of petunia, one with conical cells and a mutant line with flat cells, Glover let a group of bumblebees that had never seen petunias before forage in a large box containing both types of flower, and discovered they too preferred the conical-celled flowers.

They then devised a way of mimicking the way flowers move in the wind. "We used a lab shaking platform that we normally use to mix liquids, and put the flowers on that. As we increased the speed of shaking, mimicking increased wind speed, the bees increased their preference for the conical-celled flowers," she says.

The results, Glover says, give ecologists a deeper insight into the extraordinarily subtle interaction between plant and pollinator. "Nobody knew what these cells were for, and now we have a good answer that works for pretty much all flowers," she concludes. "It's is too easy to look at flowers from a human perspective, but when you put yourself into the bee's shoes you find hidden features of flowers can be crucial to foraging success."

###

Katrina Alcorn, Heather Whitney and Beverley Glover (2012). 'Flower movement increases pollinator preference for flowers with better grip', doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2012.02009.x is published in Functional Ecology on Tuesday 29 May 2012.

University of Cambridge: http://www.cam.ac.uk

Thanks to University of Cambridge for this article.

This press release was posted to serve as a topic for discussion. Please comment below. We try our best to only post press releases that are associated with peer reviewed scientific literature. Critical discussions of the research are appreciated. If you need help finding a link to the original article, please contact us on twitter or via e-mail.

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Iran urges West to drop 'illogical' uranium demand

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Best Cuban Sandwich in Florida to be named at festival this Saturday

Tampa, FL - So who really has the best Cuban sandwich in Florida??

Up to 40 Florida restaurants will compete for the crown at this Saturday's Cuban Sandwich Festival in Ybor City.?

Categories will include both traditional and non-traditional with winners.

In addition to great Cuban sandwiches and other Latino foods, the festival features live music, dance performances and a kids' zone with clowns and face painting.

?Restaurants already confirmed to compete in the "Best Cuban Sandwich in Florida" contest include:?

• Alessi Bakery
• Mata Monchies
• Mr. Empanada
• La Teresita
• Stone Soup Company
• Gaspar's Grotto
• Franks & Subs
• Cacciatore Brothers
• Danny's All American Grill
• Silver Ring Caf?, Floridian
• Nita's Place
• Ofelia's Caf?
• Ronni Pastrami's
• Cafe Masaryktown
• Cuban Guys
• NY Caf?

The free family friendly festival runs from 10:30 a.m. - 4:30 p.m. in Centennial Park, located at 1800 E. 8th Ave.

For more information about the festival visit: http://www.Latin-Times.com.

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WORKERS' COMPENSATION INSURANCE IN OKLAHOMA

Interested in learning more about workers? compensation coverage in Oklahoma?

Be aware of the most critical fact: coverage is mandatory. The next most critical? Insurance benefits begin the moment every worker walks onto the job.

This means businesses must have insurance coverage ahead of time, not the day after. Remember, the employer is responsible for obtaining insurance, not the employee.

Workers? compensation insurance exists because American jobs can be dangerous. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics estimates that more than 4.5 million job-related injuries and illnesses occur in private workplaces each year.

Like every state, Oklahoma wants to reduce the number of on-the-job injuries.

One solution is Oklahoma?s state-mandated workers? compensation insurance. Here?s? a brief snapshot:

• Governed by state law, it provides medical, disability, and rehabilitation benefits to workers injured or disabled on the job.
• In the case of accidental death, it grants benefits to the worker?s family.
• It protects employers from liability lawsuits.
• Employers can provide workers? comp in three ways: 1) From a private insurance carrier licensed to do business in Oklahoma 2) from CompSource Oklahoma or 3) by self-insuring or by becoming a member of a group self-insurance association.

THE SMALL PRINT

A small?but noteworthy?group of workers is exempted from the law. This includes:

• Federal employees covered under federal law
• Certain agricultural and domestic workers
• Any employee of a business with five or less employees, all of whom are related by blood or marriage to the employer

For a complete list of exempted employees, please see Oklahoma Workers? Compensation Court

CHOOSING THE RIGHT COVERAGE

If your company is obligated to provide workers? comp insurance, remember to obtain the right coverage before you open for business or hire new employees.

Otherwise, you could be in deep legal trouble.

Bear in mind, though, that under the law, workers receive exactly the same medical and disability benefits (see Oklahoma Workers? Compensation Court) no matter which insurance plan you use: private, state-funded, or a self-insured plan.

Which choice is best for you?

First, Private Insurance. Oklahoma has many private firms that provide workers? compensation coverage. Advantages of the private market are the range of choice, competitive prices and custom-built policies.

Independent carriers can be creative. Although they must provide the basic workers? comp package, they can offer innovative plans, with options such as pay-as-you-go premiums, inventive job safety training, and holistic medical care.

Second, CompSource Oklahoma. This state fund is set up to provide private and state workers? comp at the lowest possible price. It?s a non-profit, self-supporting company that works by selling insurance directly or through independent agents. For small businesses and state agencies, CompSource Oklahoma is often the most cost-effective choice. The downside is that response time to claims may be slower than that of private firms.

Third, Self-Insurance. Proving the financial ability to pay compensation is the test for self-insurance. To be approved, the employer must have a minimum annual payroll of at least $1 million for the past three years, employ at least 100 people, have been in operation for at least five years, and the shareholders? equity must be at least $500.000. The Oklahoma Workers? Compensation Court must approve a business for self-insuring.

Self-insurance also can include becoming a member of a group self-insurance plan. These plans generally focus on minimizing costs and creating a stakeholder mentality among members. The benefit is a sense of group purpose and sense of control.

WHEN THINGS GO WRONG

Bad things can happen when a business refuses to obtain mandatory insurance coverage for workers. ?The employer may be charged with a misdemeanor and subject to a fine?and may even face criminal charges.

The Oklahoma Workers? Compensation Court administers the law, and contested cases are heard in Court. If a worker?s claim is denied or if the worker feels the claim has resulted in unfair dismissal from the job, he/she can represent himself/herself or retain an attorney.? A Court Administer has the authority to approve certain settlements.

Attorney fees are limited to 10 per cent for temporary total disability cases and 20 per cent for all other cases.

Insurance fraud may be reported either to the insurance carrier or to the Workers? Compensation Court.

For more information, please contact Oklahoma Department of Labor

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Raw Five-Point Preview: Big Show caught in a rage

How many knockout punches can one man stand??Heading into Raw SuperShow, the biggest question mark surrounds John Cena and whether he'll bounce back from Big Show's mighty blows on two consecutive nights. But the WWE Universe should be keeping a close eye on some other big Superstars tonight, including World Heavyweight Champion Sheamus. Check out the five hottest topics for the Memorial Day edition of Raw.

1. How wide will Big Show's path of destruction get?
The last we saw of John Cena, he was laid out cold backstage following a stunning WMD from Big Show. The Cenation leader has taken some major punishment over the last couple of months, especially during his epic showdowns with The Rock and Brock Lesnar, but his match against Big Show at No Way Out could very well be his toughest battle of the year. Will Cena be able to fully recuperate and get payback on Big Show tonight??

The World's Largest (and angriest?) Athlete hasn't minced words about his new state of mind. He feels betrayed by the WWE Universe and other Superstars, believing that no one was there for him when he was fired. And with General Manager John Laurinaitis by his side, this might be the most frightening incarnation of Big Show that we have ever seen.

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Birds got smart by becoming big babes

Out of the skulls of babes. Modern birds have skulls that look remarkably like those of juvenile dinosaurs, offering an unusual explanation for how birds came to have relatively large brains.

As dinosaurs evolved into birds, something arrested their development. The juvenile heads they kept may be responsible for their relatively high intelligence, and their incredible evolutionary success.

Birds are living dinosaurs, having evolved from feathered dinosaurs similar to the Velociraptor. They were the only dinosaurs to survive the mass extinction that took place 65 million years ago.

Bhart-Anjan Bhullar of Harvard University and colleagues took photos and CT scans of skulls belonging to juvenile and adult dinosaurs, extinct and modern birds, and more distant relatives like crocodiles.

They found that compared to their ancestors, birds' faces became flattened, and their brain cases relatively larger. That's exactly what young dinosaurs' skulls looked like.

"This could be a landmark study," says Gregory Erickson of the Florida State University in Tallahassee. "When you look at a bird you're looking at a young dinosaur."

Like bird like human

This switch to a more juvenile skull shape was also an important force in human evolution. Adult human skulls look much like those of baby chimpanzees, with flattened faces and over-sized brain cases.

In fact, major evolutionary changes often rely on changes to development, because it's relatively easy to change the pace of an animal's development, producing adults that may look very different to their ancestors.

For birds, switching to a more baby-like skull shape eventually unleashed their potential. In particular, having larger skulls relative to their body size allowed birds to evolve relatively large and more elaborate brains.

Bhullar's group is trying to reverse bird evolution, tweaking the genes of chickens to make them revert to their dinosaur ancestors. Last year, his supervisor Arkhat Abzhanov persuaded a chicken embryo to grow a snout rather than a beak. Bhullar says he hasn't yet found the genes underpinning the changes in birds' skulls, but if he does, he could give a chicken the head of a dinosaur.

Journal reference: Nature, DOI: 10.1038/nature11146

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iPad: Legend Gebrselassie fails to qualify for Olympics

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The 21st Century Gold Rush Announced At Disrupt: Raw Data

President Obama has a "high geek quotient" according to his senior technology advisor, Todd Park. Park and U.S. CIO Steven VanRoekel announced five major federal initiatives at TechCrunch Disrupt today, along with a call to entrepreneurs to join in a new gold rush of data that will be released in the coming months. Like how the GPS industry helped pave the way for iPhone apps, Park and VanRoekel hope to catalyze new industries in energy, education, security, and the nonprofit sector with the new open data guidelines. Additionally, they're opening up an application process for an executive fellows program (apply here; we'll have a post soon with more details).

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VIDEO: Anti-NATO protests smaller than expected

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The potential threats that can cause harm to your computer

Fact is that about 3/4ths of the American population are connected to the Internet. This shows how much technology dependant this society is turning into. With over millions of people browsing the Internet every day, every hour, the chances for potential security threats have increased if not doubled. Even a single unsuspecting tap of the key board or click of the mouse may result in a severe loss. Worms and viruses written by cyber criminals of the present days are highly dangerous as they are capable of stealing your personal data and misusing them. It is necessary to keep you computer safe and protected at all times. Failing to install a security tool will not only cause harm to your computer but may cause damage to the other computers connected in your network.
Before choosing an Internet security tool however, having some knowledge about the different types of viruses and worms will help you keep your computer safe.

Unlawful cracking groups and computer hacklers write and develop harmful viruses every other day. You wouldn?t want to choose a software that is not upgraded enough to detect and tackle the kinds of viruses every day. The thing with these threats is that once a computer gets affected with a virus, then there is no stopping it from spreading to the rest of the world in a limited period of time. While some computer viruses and related worms are capable of monitoring your computer?s activities by a third party, some other viruses and bugs are intentionally created to cause damage to your computers.
These computer bugs and viruses will shut down your system and you may end up losing all your important data. In all honesty, I don?t think there?s a purpose for which these malicious albeit pointless attacks on the Internet exist. These viruses were probably created by bored adolescents who didn?t have something better to do. That being said let?s take a look at the types of prevalent programs that can cause harm to your computer:
Adware: These are probably the least harmful softwares developed and need not actually be considered as viruses. Adwares are those pop-up ad windows you see when you visit questionable websites. These ads are usually flash and may sometimes contain keyloggers that are capable of recording your key strokes and sending them across to the hacker.
Spyware: Spyware include softwares such as rootkits, keyloggers etc. These are used to retrieve ransom content or what is known as software designed to harvest profit. Unlike computer viruses and worms that were generally written for pranks or experiments, spyware are the actual kind of software that one needs to be wary of. Spyware are capable of tracking you computer?s activities, record the information and send it away to the third party hacker.
Viruses and worms: These may not actually cause harm to your computer in terms of misusing the data stored there. As told before, computer viruses and worms were probably initiated as experiments or as pranks. Although both viruses and worms usually carry a payload that can trigger malicious actions that harm your computer, there is a certain distinction that separates the two. Viruses need some kind of intervention to spread whereas worms once infected on the system spread automatically.
The above given types of software all come under the broad category of malware. Although there are certain anti-virus softwares to protect your computer from the evils of the Internet, not all of these come equipped with the latest tools to keep your computer protected from all kinds of malware. Also, with quality Internet security tools the price is always almost too high. Therefore it is better to subscribe to an Internet connection such as the one from Charter Communications that provide reliable security packages at reasonable prices.

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University of Texas apologizes for ?pubic affairs? commencement typo

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roofing contractors, roofing in surrey - Roofing Contractors Known ...

Hire Williams Roofing if looking for a quality workmanship based commercial roofing contractor in Surrey, BC.

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Surrey, BC: For roof installation, reroofing, roof maintenance and other related services, Williams Roofing has been gaining attention of different sectors for quality workmanship, modern equipment and client's comfort factors in Surrey and nearby areas of BC.

Roofing is required in commercial as well as residential areas and is needed to be done with great care and attention. And when we talk about quality and professional services, it can only be expected from an experienced roofing expert.

As far as Williams Roofing is concerned, the company is leading in the industry for its competitive features of quality workmanship, cost-effectiveness, thorough support and much more. The firm is known to be serving different sectors of Surrey with having 30 years of experience.

How the firm has reached to a recognized service and success level? The firm gives credit to its,

Quality workmanship

For any service provider, quality workmanship matters a lot to deal different roofing challenges. And the quality workmanship is comprised of a team of professional, skilled and experienced workers in different departments.

Practical skills & related knowledge

Other than excellence in roofing, the roofing team is also required to remain updated with advanced practical skills and related knowledge to handle different situations lie under the repair, installation and maintenance of roofs.

Work commitment & professionalism

The company is known to deal different roofing projects with deep care and attention. They work with dedication, certain work commitments and with professionalism to complete the roofing projects on time committed with the clients.

Williams Roofing is also a professional roofing contractor that deals all size of roofing projects as per the demand and budget of the clients. If you want to know more about the services of the company, you can access the website.

About the Submitter
Williams Roofing is a commercial roofing contractor located in Surrey, BC. The roofing contractors is specialized in drainage services as well.

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Williams Roofing
williamsroofing0@gmail.com
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Study: Twitter Sentiment Mirrored Facebook?s Stock Price Today

Facebook's IPO was obviously the single most discussed topic on Twitter today. The good folks over at social media data platform DataSift monitored what Twitter users were saying about the IPO throughout the day and came up with some interesting conclusions. Turns out, the ups and downs of how Twitter's users felt about the stock pretty much mirrored the price of Facebook's stock as the day progressed.

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Be Careful in the Sun ? Avoid Skin Cancer : Myrtle Beach Golf ? On ...

Home > Articles > Be Careful in the Sun ? Avoid Skin Cancer

Posted on May 18, 2012 ?
Filed under Articles

The American Academy of Dermatology, the medical association helping to lead the fight against skin cancer, has a new :60 second public service ad on the airwaves. It features a group of middle-aged men on the links, trying as they might to avoid hazards like sand traps, trees and, yes, geese ? and failing. [See it here, on YouTube]

The goal of the ad is simple: to remind golfers ? men in particular ? that a bright, sunny day on the course may be increasing their risk of developing skin cancer. After all, men ages 50 and older are at the highest risk from this disease. And consider these other facts provided by the AAD:

• When outside in the sun, fewer than one-third of men (29 percent) surveyed by the Academy say they ?always? protect their skin, compared with women;
• A significantly larger percentage of men (39 percent) than women (28 percent) agreed that they prefer to enjoy sunshine and not worry about what they should do to protect their skin;
• Less than half of men (46 percent) indicated they knew how to examine their skin for signs of skin cancer compared with a majority (59 percent) of women.

On the golf course, we might be more concerned with making par or hitting that birdie. But when you realize how long it takes to play 18 holes, and the fact that you and your foursome are likely spending those hours on a broad swath of green with very little shade, protection from the sun becomes even more important, whether you?re an amateur or pro golfer.

So here are some simple tips you can use before heading out onto the course. Don?t worry, they don?t involve staying in the golf cart all day:

• Use sunscreen. Specifically, sunscreens that offer broad-spectrum protection ? that is, against UVA and UVB rays ? and that offer an SPF of 30 or higher. Apply it before getting out on the course; Dr. Susan Taylor of the AAD recommends that you use a shotglass worth of sunscreen and that you re-apply every two hours or so. (And surely there?s room in that duffel bag of yours for an extra bottle of sunscreen.)
• Consider wearing sun-protective clothing. Sure, a baseball cap is probably part of your regular golf attire. But try wearing apparel that is also UV-resistant. And remember that clothing alone is not always enough to protect you from the harmful effects of the sun ? be sure to use sunscreen as well.
• If you see a spot, say something. Chances are you?ve been golfing with your buddies for a while. So you know if something?s not quite right. And we?re not just talking about your buddy?s golf game: if you see a suspicious-looking spot on their skin, whether it?s on the back of their necks, their arm, their wrists or anywhere else, point it out and suggest they get it checked. ?Unlike other types of cancer that can?t be seen by the naked eye, skin cancer shows obvious signs on the surface of the skin that can be easily detected by properly examining it,? says the AAD president, Dr. Dan Siegel.

Head over to www.spotskincancer.org for more helpful tips and resources such as a free skin cancer screening locator. Because more than 3.5 million skin cancer cases affecting two million Americans are diagnosed each year ? and helping reduce your risks should be par for the course.

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Hearth and Home: Guidelines to Marriage and Family | CSREES ...

May 18, 2012 admin Self Advancement,

No wonder that over and over again, Scripture tells us that God hates pride (Prov 6:16-17, Prov 8:13) and He will not leave it unpunished (Isaiah 2:11-17.) God?s Word teaches us that ?Pride goes before destruction, and a haughty spirit before a fall? (Prov 16:18.)? This is a frightening reality, because, if we are honest, pride is always present in our hearts and homes, even if we are often oblivious to its presence. ?

How do we detect pride? What are the characteristics of prideful people?

Prideful people tend to be self-righteous, thinking more highly of themselves than they should. They are often oblivious to their own failures and shortcomings and have difficulty admitting their own sin. Because of this, prideful people tend to think that they don?t really need God. If we are a ?good person? all on our own, then we feel no need to come to Jesus Christ in repentance and faith. Why confess our sin and prayerfully seek God?s grace and mercy to help in our times of need, if we are ?okay? all on our own? If we find ourselves thinking very little of our own sin and need, then we are likely a prideful person.

Prideful people also tend to possess a critical spirit where others are concerned. They are exceptionally good at pointing out the faults of others. In large part, this is because a prideful person feels superior and is confident that they are doing everything ?the right way.? Therefore, they tend to look down upon those who disagree with them or who fall short of their standard.? If we find ourselves constantly criticizing others, then pride is likely running rampant in our own hearts.

Prideful people are often self-protective and self-serving. They selfishly guard the use of their time, talents and treasures and will insist on receiving what they feel they deserve. They tend to demand their own rights and refuse to let any wrong go unpunished. They are defensive when questioned and typically make excuses and blame others when confronted about their own sin and failures. They often have a very hard time saying, ?I was wrong? and asking for forgiveness. If this describes us, then we need to beware of the fall which pride will sooner or later bring about in our lives.

Prideful people tend to be self-conscious. They are overly concerned about what other people think of them. They tend to be fixated on success, self-advancement and recognition. They want to be noticed by others and, when people don?t notice them, they can easily become sullen and depressed and feel like they are being slighted.? This also manifests itself in jealousy when others are recognized and appreciated. If we spend an excessive amount of time pondering what others think of us, then pride is no doubt lurking beneath the surface of our lives.

Think about how prevalent pride is in our homes.? Think about how often we see families fall apart as a result of pride. Pride leads us to think only of ourselves. It leads us think we deserve to have things our own way, even at the expense of others. The self-serving attitude produced by pride destroys any possibility of truly loving relationships. It pushes away those who would encourage us and counsel us toward greater relational health. It causes us to rely on ourselves rather than to seek God, who is the only One who can truly correct the problems in ourselves and in our homes. Pride, if left unchecked, leads to personal and family destruction! And none of us are immune. The sooner we recognize the danger of pride in our hearts and homes, then the sooner we can begin combating this sinful tendency within ourselves and our families.

I believe the words of John RW Stott ring true, both in our personal lives and in our homes, ?At every stage of our Christian development and in every sphere of our Christian discipleship, pride is the greatest enemy and humility our greatest friend.?? If we want to have healthy, God-honoring families, then we must prayerfully consider how prevalent pride is in our homes and we must strive to root out pride in our own hearts. We must plead with God to revive within our homes a spirit of humility which leads us to confess our pride, trusting that God will forgive us and remove this sinful tendency from our midst (I Jn 1:9.)? Remember, ?Pride goes before destruction, and a haughty spirit before a fall? (Prov 16:18.) May God Himself protect us from the danger of pride in our homes!

Pastor Dan can be reached at (928) 537-7555 or at pastordan@calvaryshowlow.org.

Self Advancement

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Phase 3 Data Show NUCYNTA? ER ... - Business Review Europe

RARITAN, N.J., May 17, 2012 /PRNewswire/ -- Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc. today announced the results of an investigational Phase 3 study suggesting NUCYNTA? ER (tapentadol) extended-release tablets were significantly more effective than placebo in providing pain management among adults with chronic moderate to severe, painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). Results of the study were presented at the 31st Annual Scientific Meeting of the American Pain Society being held May 16-19 in Honolulu, Hawaii.

Diabetes affects nearly 26 million people in the United States(1)? and its prevalence is expected to grow significantly during the coming decades(2). Over time, people with diabetes can develop a type of nerve damage called neuropathy. Approximately 60 to 70 percent of people with diabetes have some form of neuropathy(3). The most common type is diabetic peripheral neuropathy, which causes pain or loss of feeling in the toes, feet, legs, hands, and arms.

The study found, among patients who had at least a one-point reduction in pain intensity during three weeks of treatment with tapentadol ER, those who continued on an optimized dose of tapentadol ER (100-250 mg twice daily) for an additional 12 weeks experienced significantly better pain control compared to those who switched to placebo(4). Treatment-emergent adverse events reported in 10 percent or more of tapentadol ER-treated patients during the double-blind maintenance period included nausea (21.1 percent) and vomiting (12.7 percent)(4).

"Painful DPN is a common and burdensome complication of diabetes, and controlling pain in people with DPN can be challenging," said Aaron I. Vinik, M.D., Ph.D., FCP, MACP, Director of Research and Neuroendocrine Unit at Strelitz Diabetes Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders at Eastern Virginia Medical School, and lead investigator of the study. "These data suggest tapentadol ER provides a significant reduction in chronic pain in adult patients with DPN."

The findings of this study are consistent with those of another Janssen-sponsored study published early last year, which found tapentadol ER to be effective versus placebo for relieving moderate to severe chronic pain associated with diabetic peripheral neuropathy.

"We are pleased the Phase 3 data presented today showed tapentadol ER was effective at providing pain management for patients with chronic, moderate to severe pain associated with DPN," said Christine Rauschkolb, M.D., Ph.D., Vice President and Head of Integrated Operations, Janssen Research & Development, LLC and one of the study's authors. "Janssen has a long history of helping physicians provide responsible treatment for patients to relieve their acute and chronic pain. We are committed to developing new pain management options for the millions of Americans who have painful DPN."

About the Study

This Phase 3 clinical trial was a randomized-withdrawal, placebo-controlled study.? It enrolled adult patients who had moderate to severe, chronic painful DPN for six months or more and a history of analgesic use for painful DPN for three months or more. This trial had three phases: an open-label phase, which included a 3-week titration period during which the individually optimized tapentadol ER dose (100-250 mg two times per day) was determined for each patient; a 12-week, double-blind maintenance phase, during which patients with a one-point or greater reduction in pain intensity from beginning to end of titration were randomized either to continue taking tapentadol ER (at their optimal dose) or to receive placebo; and a follow-up period with a clinic visit at four days and a telephone interview at 10 to 14 days after discontinuation of study drug.

The primary efficacy endpoint of the study was the mean change in average pain intensity from baseline (point of randomization) to the last week of the 12-week, double-blind maintenance phase, as determined by an 11-point pain rating scale or numerical rating scale (NRS; 0='no pain,' 10='pain as bad as you can imagine'). Safety assessments were performed on the open-label and double-blind safety populations (all patients who received greater than or equal to 1 dose of open-label and double-blind treatment, respectively). Treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs), defined as any AEs (new or worse in intensity) that occurred after the first intake of study drug during the open-label or double-blind phase, were monitored throughout the study.

In the open-label titration period, 459 patients received one or more doses of tapentadol ER and were included in the open-label safety population. At the start of the 3-week, open-label phase, the majority of patients (87.1 percent) reported severe pain (6 or more on the 11-point NRS) with a mean pain intensity of 7.3. By the end of the open-label phase, the mean pain intensity was reduced to 3.6. Treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) experienced by 10 percent or more of patients during the open-label phase were nausea (24.4 percent), dizziness (17), constipation (11.8) and somnolence (10.7).

A total of 358 patients completed the open-label titration period; 318 were randomized and received one or more dose of study medication (n=152 for placebo, 166 for tapentadol ER).

Following randomization, during the double-blind treatment phase to week 12, pain increased in the placebo group (as demonstrated by the mean change in pain intensity of 1.3), while in the tapentadol ER group, efficacy was maintained, as indicated by the mean change in pain intensity of 0.28. The least-squares mean difference between the tapentadol ER and placebo groups in the change in average pain intensity was -0.95 on the 11-point NRS favoring tapentadol ER (95 percent CI, -1.42 to -0.49; p<0.001, tapentadol ER vs. placebo)(4).

For more details about the study design, please visit www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01041859).

Janssen Research & Development, LLC? and Grunenthal GmbH, conducted this study, which Janssen Research & Development, LLC has included as part of its Supplemental New Drug Application (sNDA) submitted on October 28, 2011 to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for tapentadol ER tablets for the management of neuropathic pain associated with DPN in patients 18 years of age or older. The FDA currently is reviewing this supplemental application.

About Tapentadol and NUCYNTA^? ER

Tapentadol is a centrally-acting synthetic analgesic. The tapentadol molecule is classified as Schedule II of the Controlled Substances Act.

NUCYNTA^? ER (tapentadol) extended-release tablets are an oral analgesic available by prescription only and indicated for the management of moderate to severe chronic pain in adults when a continuous, around-the-clock opioid analgesic is needed for an extended period of time. NUCYNTA^? ER is taken twice daily and available in 50 mg, 100 mg, 150 mg, 200 mg and 250 mg strengths.

Outside the United States, tapentadol is marketed by Janssen Inc. in Canada; Gr?nenthal GmbH discovered tapentadol and markets immediate- and extended-release formulations of tapentadol (PALEXIA^?) in various countries in Europe.

IMPORTANT SAFETY INFORMATION FOR NUCYNTA^? ER (tapentadol) extended-release tablets

WARNING: POTENTIAL FOR ABUSE, PROPER PATIENT SELECTION, AND LIMITATIONS OF USE

Potential for Abuse

NUCYNTA^? ER contains tapentadol, a mu-opioid agonist and a Schedule II controlled substance with an abuse liability similar to other opioid analgesics.

NUCYNTA^? ER can be abused in a manner similar to other opioid agonists, legal or illicit. These risks should be considered when prescribing or dispensing NUCYNTA^? ER in situations where the physician or pharmacist is concerned about an increased risk of misuse, abuse, or diversion. Schedule II opioid substances, which include hydromorphone, morphine, oxycodone, fentanyl, oxymorphone, and methadone, have the highest potential for abuse and risk of fatal overdose due to respiratory depression.

Proper Patient Selection

NUCYNTA^? ER is an extended-release formulation of tapentadol indicated for the management of moderate to severe chronic pain in adults when a continuous, around-the-clock opioid analgesic is needed for an extended period of time.

Limitations of Use

NUCYNTA^? ER is not intended for use as an as-needed analgesic.

NUCYNTA^? ER is not intended for the management of acute or postoperative pain.

NUCYNTA^? ER tablets are to be swallowed whole and are not to be split, broken, chewed, dissolved, or crushed. Taking split, broken, chewed, dissolved, or crushed NUCYNTA^? ER tablets could lead to rapid release and absorption of a potentially fatal dose of tapentadol.

Patients must not consume alcoholic beverages, or prescription or nonprescription medications containing alcohol. Co-ingestion of alcohol with NUCYNTA^? ER may result in a potentially fatal overdose of tapentadol.

CONTRADICTIONS

• NUCYNTA^? ER is contraindicated in patients with significant respiratory depression, acute or severe bronchial asthma or hypercapnia in unmonitored settings or in the absence of resuscitative equipment.
• NUCYNTA^? ER is contraindicated in any patient who has or is suspected of having a paralytic ileus.
• NUCYNTA^? ER is contraindicated in patients who are receiving monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) or who have taken them within the last 14 days due to potential additive effects on norepinephrine levels, which may result in adverse cardiovascular events.
• NUCYNTA^? ER is contraindicated in patients with a known hypersensitivity to the active substance, tapentadol, or any component of the product. Angioedema has been reported in association with use of tapentadol.

WARNINGS & PRECAUTIONS

• NUCYNTA^? ER tablets are to be swallowed whole and are not to be split, broken, chewed, dissolved, or crushed. Taking split, broken, chewed, crushed, or dissolved NUCYNTA^? ER tablets leads to the rapid release and absorption of a potentially fatal dose of tapentadol.?
• NUCYNTA^? ER tablets must be kept in a secure place out of the reach of children. Accidental consumption of NUCYNTA^? ER, especially in children, can result in a fatal overdose of tapentadol.
• Respiratory depression is the primary risk of mu-opioid agonists. Respiratory depression occurs more frequently in elderly or debilitated patients and in those suffering from conditions accompanied by hypoxia, hypercapnia, or upper airway obstruction, in whom even moderate therapeutic doses may significantly decrease pulmonary ventilation.
• Use NUCYNTA^? ER with caution in patients with conditions accompanied by hypoxia, hypercapnia, or decreased respiratory reserve, such as: asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or cor pulmonale, severe obesity, sleep apnea syndrome, myxedema, kyphoscoliosis, central nervous system (CNS) depression, or coma. In such patients, even usual therapeutic doses of NUCYNTA^? ER may increase airway resistance and decrease respiratory drive to the point of apnea. Alternative non?mu-opioid agonist analgesics should be considered, and NUCYNTA^? ER should be employed only under careful medical supervision at the lowest effective dose in such patients. If respiratory depression occurs, it should be treated as any mu-opioid agonist-induced respiratory depression.
• Patients receiving other opioid agonist analgesics, general anesthetics, phenothiazines, other tranquilizers, sedatives, hypnotics, centrally acting muscle relaxants, or other CNS depressants (including alcohol) concomitantly with NUCYNTA^? ER may exhibit additive CNS depression. Interactive effects resulting in respiratory depression, hypotension, profound sedation, coma, or death may result if these drugs are taken in combination with NUCYNTA^? ER. When such combined therapy is contemplated, a dose reduction of one or both agents should be considered.
• Opioid analgesics can raise cerebrospinal fluid pressure as a result of respiratory depression with carbon dioxide retention. Therefore, NUCYNTA^? ER should not be used in patients who may be susceptible to the effects of raised cerebrospinal fluid pressure, such as those with evidence of head injury and increased intracranial pressure. Opioid analgesics may obscure the clinical course of patients with head injury due to effects on pupillary response and consciousness. NUCYNTA^? ER should be used with caution in patients with head injury, intracranial lesions, or other sources of preexisting increased intracranial pressure.
• Tapentadol is a mu-opioid agonist and is a Schedule II controlled substance. Such drugs are sought by drug abusers and people with addiction disorders. Diversion of Schedule II products is an act subject to criminal penalty.
• Patients should be assessed for their clinical risks for opioid abuse or addiction prior to being prescribed opioids.
• NUCYNTA^? ER can be abused in a manner similar to other opioid agonists, legal or illicit. This should be considered when prescribing or dispensing NUCYNTA^? ER in situations where the physician or pharmacist is concerned about an increased risk of misuse and abuse. Concerns about abuse and addiction should not prevent the proper management of pain. However, all patients treated with mu-opioid agonists require careful monitoring for signs of abuse and addiction, since use of mu-opioid agonist analgesic products carries the risk of addiction even under appropriate medical use.
• Drug abusers may attempt to abuse NUCYNTA^? ER by crushing, chewing, snorting, or injecting the product. These practices may result in the uncontrolled delivery of NUCYNTA^? ER and pose a significant risk to the abuser that could result in overdose and death.
• NUCYNTA^? ER may cause severe hypotension. Patients at higher risk of hypotension include those with hypovolemia or those taking concurrent products that compromise vasomotor tone (eg, phenothiazines, general anesthetics).
• Patients should be cautioned that NUCYNTA^? ER may impair the mental and/or physical abilities required for the performance of potentially hazardous tasks such as driving a car or operating machinery. This is to be expected, especially at the beginning of treatment, at any change of dosage, as well as in combination with alcohol or tranquilizers.
• NUCYNTA^? ER may be expected to have additive effects when used in conjunction with alcohol, other opioids, or illicit drugs that cause CNS depression, because respiratory depression, hypotension, hypertension, and profound sedation, coma, or death may result.
• NUCYNTA^? ER has not been evaluated in patients with a predisposition to a seizure disorder, and such patients were excluded from clinical studies. As with other opioids, NUCYNTA^? ER should be prescribed with care in patients with a history of a seizure disorder or any condition that would put the patient at risk of seizures.
• Cases of life-threatening serotonin syndrome have been reported with the concurrent use of tapentadol and serotonergic drugs. Serotonergic drugs comprise selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), triptans, drugs that affect the serotonergic neurotransmitter system (eg, mirtazapine, trazodone, and tramadol), and drugs that impair metabolism of serotonin (including MAOIs). This may occur within the recommended dose. Serotonin syndrome may include mental-status changes (eg, agitation, hallucinations, coma), autonomic instability (eg, tachycardia, labile blood pressure, hyperthermia), neuromuscular aberrations (eg, hyperreflexia, incoordination) and/or gastrointestinal symptoms (eg, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea), and can be fatal.
• Withdrawal symptoms may occur if NUCYNTA^? ER is discontinued abruptly. These symptoms may include: anxiety, sweating, insomnia, rigors, pain, nausea, tremors, diarrhea, upper respiratory symptoms, piloerection, and rarely, hallucinations. Withdrawal symptoms may be reduced by tapering NUCYNTA^? ER.
• A study with the immediate-release formulation of tapentadol in subjects with hepatic impairment showed higher serum concentrations of tapentadol than in those with normal hepatic function. Tapentadol should be used with caution in patients with moderate hepatic impairment.
• NUCYNTA^? ER has not been studied in patients with severe hepatic impairment, and use in this population is not recommended.
• Like other drugs with mu-opioid agonist activity, NUCYNTA^? ER may cause spasm of the sphincter of Oddi and should be used with caution in patients with biliary tract disease, including acute pancreatitis.
• NUCYNTA^? ER should be used with caution in the following conditions: adrenocortical insufficiency (eg, Addison's disease); delirium tremens; myxedema or hypothyroidism; prostatic hypertrophy or urethral stricture; and toxic psychosis.
• Pregnancy Category C. There are no adequate and well-controlled studies of NUCYNTA^? ER in pregnant women. NUCYNTA^? ER should be used during pregnancy ONLY if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus.

ADVERSE REACTIONS

• The most common (greater than equal to 10%) adverse reactions were nausea, constipation, headache, dizziness, and somnolence.

About Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Janssen Research and Development, LLC

At Janssen, we are dedicated to addressing and solving some of the most important unmet medical needs of our time in oncology, immunology, neuroscience, infectious diseases and vaccines, and cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Driven by our commitment to patients, we develop and bring innovative products, services and solutions to people throughout the world.

Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc., and Janssen Research & Development, LLC are part of the Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies.

Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc. provides medicines for an array of health concerns in several therapeutic areas. Innovative therapies Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc. offers currently include ACIPHEX^? (rabeprazole sodium), DORIBAX^? (doripenem for injection), ELMIRON^? (pentosan polysulfate sodium), NUCYNTA^? (tapentadol), NUCYNTA^? ER (tapentadol) extended-release tablets and XARELTO^? (rivaroxaban) tablets. The full prescribing information for NUCYNTA^? ER, including boxed warnings, is available here; the full prescribing information for XARELTO^?, including boxed warnings, is available here.

For more information on Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc., visit us at www.janssenpharmaceuticalsinc.com?or follow us on Twitter at www.twitter.com/JanssenUS.

For more information on Janssen Research & Development, LLC, visit us at http://www.janssenrnd.com/.

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* Dr. Vinik was compensated for his work as a clinical investigator in the clinical trials for NUCYNTA^? ER.

1.??? Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2011 Diabetes Fact Sheet: Diagnosed and undiagnosed diabetes in the United States, all ages, 2010. http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/pubs/estimates11.htm#1.

2.??? International Diabetes Federation.? 2009 Diabetes Fact Sheet.? http://www.idf.org/diabetesatlas/diabetes.? Updated August 2009.

3.??? National Diabetes Information Clearinghouse. Diabetic Neuropathies: The Nerve Damage of Diabetes. http://diabetes.niddk.nih.gov/dm/pubs/neuropathies/index.aspx#peripheralneuropathy. Updated February 2009.

4.??? Vinik A., et al. Efficacy and Tolerability of Tapentadol Extended Release (ER) in Patients With Chronic, Painful Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy (DPN): Results of a Phase 3, Randomized-Withdrawal, Placebo-Controlled Study. Abstract.

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